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A guide to coordinate systems in Great Britain

A primer on coordinate system concepts, including full information on GPS and Ordnance Survey coordinate systems.

For a PDF version, please click here.

1. Introduction
  1.1 Who should read this booklet?
1.2 A few myths about coordinate systems
2. The Shape of the Earth
  2.1 The first geodetic question
2.2 Ellipsoids
2.3 The Geoid
3. What is position?
  3.1 Types of coordinates
3.2 We need a datum
3.3 Realising the datum definition with a Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF)
3.4 Summary
4. Modern GPS coordinate systems
  4.1 World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84)
4.2 Realising WGS84 with a TRF
5. Ordnance Survey Coordinate Systems
  5.1 The National GPS network
5.2 National Grid and the OSGB36® TRF
5.3 Ordnance Datum Newlyn (ODN)
5.4 The future of British mapping coordinate systems
6. From one coordinate system to another: geodetic transformations
  6.1 What is a geodetic transformation?
6.2 Helmert datum transformations
6.3 National Grid Transformation OSTN02™ (ETRS89-OSGB36)
6.4 National Geoid Model OSGM02® (ETRS89-ODN)
6.5 ETRS89 to and from ITRS
6.6 Approximate WGS84 to OSGB36/ODN transformation
7. Transverse Mercator map projections
  7.1 The National Grid reference convention
8. Further information
Annexe
A. Ellipsoid and projection constants
B. Converting between 3-D Cartesian and ellipsoidal latitude, longitude and height coordinates
C. Converting between grid eastings and northings and ellipsoidal latitude and longitude
D. Glossary
For a PDF version, please click here.

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